The piston ring is made from pig iron which is known as high quality cast iron with composition of carbon, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. Piston rings are compressor ring, control (scraper) ring and oil rings.[...]

Bearings and bushes are normally made of strips having Bi-metal (steel backed copper / lead) of low carbon steel and single metal with thin outer coating. These are used to minimize the friction between two moving parts.[...]

Cylinder liners / sleeves manufactured through cast-iron process, in Grey cast-iron. Which has enough hardness, toughness strength and wears resistance. They are of two types’ Dry liners / sleeves and Wet liners / sleeves. Which are press fit or split fit in to the engine. The allowance for the fitment between liner and bore holes is 0.050 to 0.075 mm. these are available in Semi-Finish (SF) and Fully-Finish (FF) condition. The available ranges are suitable for light, medium and heavy duty applications.[...]

Connecting rods are made of open / closed die from hot steel forging process for heavy duty application, also made through casting from spheroidal-graphite (SG) iron for light duty application. Small-end fitted with shell bushing or plain for light application and Big-end are normally either serrated or grooved and tongue joints which is having bolts either sides, a pair of split bearing is used inside Big-end housing bore.[...]

The pistons are made of aluminum alloy through casting process. The ability of the cast material is to have high strength, strength for high hot resistance for surface abrasion, better thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion. The piston consists of bare compressor ring groove or insert of spheroidal-graphite (SG) alphin for long lasting.[...]